Jenton provided this useful insight into Eve-talk in the forum, with Gandur adding some mining specific abbreviations.

AB	Afterburner
AF	Assualt Frigate
Apoc	Apocalypse
AR	Armor Repair
Ark	Arkonor (also known as the HOLY GRAIL of ores)
Arty	Artillery, type of projectile gun
Ares	Tech 2 Shuttle
BC	Battle Cruiser
BCU	Ballistic Control Unit
Bis	Bistot
BP	Blue Print
BPC	Blueprint Copy
BPO	Blue Print Original, worth fortunes
BS	Battleship
Cap	Capacitor
Carebear	Anyone who fits WCS
Carebear	Player who doesnt pvp
CR	Capacitor Recharger
CR	Cruiser
CPR	Capacitor Power Relay
CPU	Central Processing Unit, Co-processor
Crok	Crokite
DC	Damage Control
DO	Dark Ochre
DPS	Damage Per Second
ECM	Electronic Counter Measure
ECCM	Electronic Counter Counter Measure
EW	Electronic Warfare
Frig	Frigate
Geddon	Armmageddon
Grid	Power Grid
HAC	Heavy assualt ships (heavy assualt "cruisers" like cerberus)
Hauler	Industrial ships (like badger or iterons)
Hardner	Module that increases resistance for shield or armor
Harvies	Harvester Mining Drones
Hed	Hedbergite
Indy	An industrial ship
Intie	Interceptors
MAPC	Micro Auxilary Power Core
Mega	Megathron
Mod	Module
MWD	Micro Warp Drive
Neut	Capacitor Neutralizer
Nos	Nosferatu, a module that will drain the target ships power
Optimal	Your optimal range
PDU	Power Diagnostic System
Plag	Plagioclase
Plate	Armor increasing item like a 1600mm armor plate
Phoon	Typhoon
Pod	To blow up someone's capsule
POS	Player Owned Station
PvP	Player vs Player
Pyr	Pyroxeres
QFT	Quoted For Truth
Rat	NPCs that will attack anyone. Threat level depends on Security Status of the system
RCU	Reactor Control Unit
RoF	Rate of Fire
SB	Shield Booster / Sensor Booster / Smartbomb
SBA	Shield Boost Amplifier
Scord	Scordite
SP	Skill Points
SPR	Shield Power Relay
Strips	Strip miners / exotic dancers from "damsel in distress" mission
Tackle	To warp scramble and/or Web Stasify
T2	Technology Level Two (Tech 2)
Veld	Veldspar
WCS	Warp Core Stabalizer
Web	Stasis Webifier